Lanostane Triterpenes with Antimicrobial Activity: A Study of the Pholiol Series from the Hungarian Edible Mushroom Pholiota populnea

Morteza Yazdani — 2024-09-09

Aims: Pholiota populnea is an edible macrofungus, distributed worldwide wherever cottonwood occurs. This study aimed to explore the potential antimicrobial properties of isolated lanostane triterpenes from P. populnea, namely pholiols A-D, E, G, H, J, L, and Q.

Methods: A diverse range of microorganisms, including Gram-negative, and Gram-positive bacterial and fungal strains were employed to assess the antimicrobial activity of these natural triterpenes.

Results: Among the investigated compounds, pholiol C [3β-acetoxy-2α-(3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaroyloxy)-12β,25-dihydroxylanosta-8-en-24-one] exhibited significant activity against Gram-positive bacteria, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 100 µM against Streptococcus agalactiae, and 200 µM against Staphylococcus aureus, S. aureus MRSA, S. epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis, and Bacillus subtilis. Additionally, pholiols G and E displayed notable inhibitory properties against the S. agalactiae strain, both exhibiting a MIC value of 200 µM.

Conclusion: These findings underscore the potential of the mushroom P. populnea as a noteworthy source of triterpenes possessing antimicrobial activity.

Toxicology results of bile samples: Are they valuable in determining the cause of death?

Sajjad Sadeghi — 2024-09-22

Background: Various samples are taken from a deceased body for toxicological analysis, with the number of samples varying based on the individual's background, to determine the cause of death. The primary objective is to ascertain the connection between the toxicology findings from bile and other samples in determining the cause of death.

Method: In a descriptive and cross-sectional study, two methods were utilized: high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).

Result and conclusion: The findings indicate that the toxicology results from bile were either similar to the other main samples or different. In a few cases, there were varied results that were not related to the cause of death. The study used highly sensitive analytical methods such as GC‒MS and HPLC, and qualitative results from toxicology labs in legal medicine. These results suggest that toxicology results from bile samples are not considered crucial in determining causes of death. They play a minor role and are typically only examined when blood samples are not available.

Acta Pharmaceutica Hungarica

Lanostane Triterpenes with Antimicrobial Activity: A Study of the Pholiol Series from the Hungarian Edible Mushroom Pholiota populnea

Toxicology results of bile samples: Are they valuable in determining the cause of death?